[Note: This piece was written and published long, long ago in the last century. Therefore, many of the URL's are now broken. -- George, Feb. 13, 2009]

Networking Initiatives -- Details

  This document includes expanded details of Networking Initiatives -- Overview with pointers to references and related information.  When there is only a web address (URL) for information -- that means that the content most likely is dynamic or is in such length that I'd rather not copy it here.
Send additions, corrections or comments to ghbrett@mindspring.com  © 1997 George Brett, http://ariel.adgrp.com/~ghb (rev. 970821)
 NSFnet 
 vBNS 
 NSF HPC 
 NGI 
 Internet2 
 ESNet 
 Commodity Internet 
SEPSCoR
NASA NREN  DREN 
 

NSFnet

  Sponsor: 
 National Science Foundation ( http://www.nsf.gov
 Contacts & Info: 
 History: 
 General History of the NSFnet can be found online at: 
 Acceptable Use Policy: 
  THE NSFNET BACKBONE SERVICES ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY --- June 1992 ( http://www.merit.edu/nsfnet/acceptable.use.policy

 "GENERAL PRINCIPLE: 

(1) NSFNET Backbone services are provided to support open research and education in and among US research and instructional institutions, plus research arms of for-profit firms when engaged in open scholarly communication and research. Use for other purposes is not acceptable." 

  Funding: 
   NSF Budget 
  Technical Details: 
   For brief overview see: "Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End of an Era", by Susan R. Harris, Ph.D., and Elise Gerich Reprinted with permission from ConneXions, Vol. 10, No. 4, April 1996. ( http://www.merit.edu/nsfnet/.retire.html
  Applications: 
   Initially to support supercomputer centers. Later expanded to support higher education's research and education activities. 
  Participants: 
    Higher Education Research and Education 
[top]

vBNS

  Sponsor: 
 National Science Foundation 
  Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  Taken from online: 

 NCRI/NSFNET Program for High Performance Connections : " The vBNS (Very High Speed Backbone Network Service) is funded by the Foundation to support scientific meritorious research which requires high performance networking. Initially it served only the NSF funded Supercomputing Centers but is being expanded to support the needs of researchers in the US academic community. It also serves as a testbed for advanced communications and networking technologies that might eventually be deployed in support of the greater Internet. " 
http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/hp-connections.html  ) 

 "vBNS: The Internet Fast Lane for Research and Education" by John Jamison, MCI & Rick Wilder, MCI 
 "The very-high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored high-performance network service implemented by MCI. It was first implemented as an IP/ATM network with an OC-3 (155 Mbps) infrastructure. The vBNS was activated on a test basis late in 1994 and the full network topology was on-line in early 1995. The NSF's high-performance connections program is now expanding the vBNS to reach more Research and Education (R&E) institutions, and the vBNS backbone is currently being upgraded to OC-12 (622 Mbps) speeds. 

 The vBNS supports scientific applications between NSF-supported SuperComputer Centers (SCCs), directly connected research institutions, and research institutions which are served by other networks. The vBNS also provides a test environment for early deployment and evaluation of new internetworking technologies. " 
http://www.vbns.net/01-02.HTM  ) 

 Acceptable Use Policy: 
  ACCEPTABLE USE POLICIES FOR NSFNET PROGRAM BACKBONE NETWORK SERVICES, January 10, 1997 (  http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/vbnsaup.html  ) 

  "GENERAL PRINCIPLE: 

 NSFNET Program Backbone services are provided to support research and education in and among US research and education institutions and for private or personal communication incidental to such activities. In addition, use may be authorized for other organizations when engaged in scholarly communications and research. 

 Use for other purposes, including extensive use for private or personal business, is not acceptable." 
( http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/vbnsaup.html

  Funding 
  NSF Budget 
  Technical Details: 
  "...first implemented as an IP/ATM network with an OC-3 (155 Mbps) infrastructure..." 
"vBNS: The Internet Fast Lane for Research and Education" by John Jamison, MCI & Rick Wilder, MCI 
  Applications: 
    "The vBNS supports scientific applications between NSF-supported SuperComputer Centers (SCCs), directly connected research institutions, and research institutions which are served by other networks. The vBNS also provides a test environment for early deployment and evaluation of new internetworking technologies. " 
http://www.vbns.net/01-02.HTM  ) 

    Mertitorius Applications: For specific examples within SURA see accepted proposals listed at my Informal Links Page -- : SURA members' vBNS pages 

  Participants: 
    Gigabit Testbed participants -- the original ten projects. 
[top]

NSF High Performance Connections (HPC) 

 Sponsor: 
   National Science Foundation 
Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  Taken from online: 

  NCRI/NSFNET Program for High Performance Connections : "In the spring of 1996 the NSFNET Connections program was expanded to meet the changing needs of the research community and to further the goal of pushing the frontiers of networking technology. The expanded program specifically supports the acquisition of high performance network connections required for meritorious computing applications. In addition, a new competitive category of connections utilizing or demonstrating unique or innovative technologies and or approaches for Internet access will be eligible for co-funding. It is anticipated that this will facilitate the extension of the Internet into rural or other locations not effectively reachable by more conventionally available technology. " 
( http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/hp-connections.html

  Acceptable Use Policy: 
  ACCEPTABLE USE POLICIES FOR NSFNET PROGRAM BACKBONE NETWORK SERVICES, January 10, 1997 (  http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/vbnsaup.html  ) 

  "GENERAL PRINCIPLE: 

 NSFNET Program Backbone services are provided to support research and education in and among US research and education institutions and for private or personal communication incidental to such activities. In addition, use may be authorized for other organizations when engaged in scholarly communications and research. 

 Use for other purposes, including extensive use for private or personal business, is not acceptable." ( http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/vbnsaup.html

  Funding 
    NSF Budget 
  Technical Details: 
    Continued growth, research and development of VBNS techologies. 

  "...first implemented as an IP/ATM network with an OC-3 (155 Mbps) infrastructure..." 
"vBNS: The Internet Fast Lane for Research and Education" by John Jamison, MCI & Rick Wilder, MCI 

  Applications: 
    Mertitorius Applications: For examples of these got to the end of http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/hp-connections.html web page. For specific examples within SURA see accepted proposals listed at my Informal Links Page -- : SURA members' vBNS pages 
  Participants: 
    Higher Education Institutions that have been qualified by acceptance of proposals to the program. For examples of these got to the end of http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/hp-connections.html web page. 
[top]

 Next Generation Internet (NGI)

  Sponsor: 
   The White House ( http://www.hpcc.gov/white-house/index.html
  Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  "Note: On October 10, 1996, President Clinton and Vice President Gore announced their commitment to the Next 
Generation Internet (NGI) Initiative, based upon strong research and development programs across Federal agencies. 
The Large Scale Networking Working Group of the Computing, Information, and Communications R&D Subcommittee has drafted a paper that outlines the concepts and goals of the NGI initiative as part of the process for building the strongest possible program among academia, industry, and the Government. 

This version incorporates the comments received from the Presidential Advisory Committee on High Performance 
Computing and Communications, Information Technology, and the Next Generation Internet; Members of Congress and 
their staff; an NGI workshop sponsored by Computer Research Association, Computer Systems Policy Project, and Cross 
Industry Working Team; industry; academia; and the public. Please note that both this document and the NGI 
Implementation Plan are based upon the Presidential requested level of funding. Congressional action may result in 
changes that will be incorporated into these documents after final FY98 budget approval. 

Comments are always encouraged. Please send them to ngi@ccic.gov (formerly ngi@hpcc.gov) or fax them to 
703-306-4727. If you need additional information, please contact the National Coordination Office for Computing, 
Information, and Communications at 703-306-4722." 

  -- Next Generation Internet Concept Paper: ( http://www.ccic.gov/ngi/concept-Jul97/

 

  Acceptable Use Policy: 
  To be determined 
  Funding 
   " Funding: The Administration will fund this initiative by allocating $100 million for R&D and research networks to develop the Next Generation Internet. This increase in FY98 funding will be offset by a reallocation of defense and domestic technology funds. As with previous networking initiatives, the Administration will work to ensure that this federal investment will serve as a catalyst for additional investment by universities and the private sector." 
--- "Background on Clinton-Gore Administration's Next-Generation Internet Initiative" Oct 10, 1996 
( http://www.hpcc.gov/ngi/background.html#funding
Following Chart taken from July 97 Concept Paper Section 7. NGI Funding By Agency 
NGI FY1998 Proposed $105* Million Budget
(Dollars in Millions)
   DoD/DARPA  NSF  DoE  NASA  NIST  NLM/NIH*  TOTAL 
Goal 1: Technologies  20  2  6  2  3     32 
Goal 2: Advanced Connectivity  20  7  25  3        55 
Goal 3: Applications     1  4  5  2  5  18 
Total  40  10  35  10  5  5  105 
*Note: The initiative was originally proposed at $100 million per year with funding expected from additional agencies who want to be part of the program. NLM/NIH is the first example of an additional NGI initiative partner. Therefore, the total proposed budget is now $105 million allocated as shown above. 

    http://www.ccic.gov/ngi/concept-Jul97/funding.html 


  Technical Details: 
  Taken from the DRAFT Implemenation Plan: 
 Goal 1: Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies 
 Goal 2: Next Generation Network Fabric 
 
  Applications: 
  Taken from the DRAFT Implemenation Plan: 
  Goal 3: Revolutionary Applications
  Participants: 
  " The principal agencies involved in this initiative are the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Department of Energy, NASA, and the National Institutes of Health. Other agencies may be involved in promoting specific applications related to their missions." 
--- "Background on Clinton-Gore Administration's Next-Generation Internet Initiative" Oct 10, 1996 
( http://www.hpcc.gov/ngi/background.html#implementation
[top]

Internet2

  Sponsor: 
Over 100 member universities as well as corporate partners and affiliate members. 
  Contacts & Info: 
  Internet2 Web site: http://www.internet2.edu/ 
  History: 
  Acceptable Use Policy: 
  Research and education with other Internet2 members 

  Currently,Acceptable Use Policy found in I2 members only section. (You need login id and password to connect.) 
  http://www.internet2.edu/members_only/html/internet2_aup.html 

  Funding 
 From the FAQ: " How much will Internet2 cost and where will the money come from?" See: 
     http://www.internet2.edu/html/faq__part2.html#4 
Technical Details: 
  http://www.internet2.edu/html/tech_info.html 
  Applications: 
  http://www.internet2.edu/html/tech_info.html 
  Participants: 
  Over 100 member universities as well as corporate partners and affiliate members. 
[top]

ESNet

  Sponsor: 
 US Department of Energy ( http://www.doe.gov
" ESnet is an international computer network managed and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Research (DOE / OER)." 
  Contacts & Info: 
 History: 
  Narrative and timeline can be found at: 
    http://www.es.net/hypertext/esnet-history-page1.html 
  Acceptable Use Policy: 
Energy Sciences Network -- Acceptable Use Policy -- 9/15/94 
( http://www.es.net/hypertext/esnet-aup.html

GENERAL GUIDELINE 

ESnet is a computer data communications program managed and funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Research (ER) for the explicit purpose of supporting its scientific research programs. In general, usage in support of the DOE/ER mission, or as authorized by arrangement with DOE/ER, is considered acceptable. Any restriction of use, contained within this Acceptable Use Policy, is intended to protect this ER resource for its intended use and for which funding is appropriated. 

It should be noted that, although the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 includes language which allows the use of the National Research and Educational Network (NREN) for energy related applications, the Office of Energy Research ESnet program is specifically established as part of the NREN to support ER programs. ER will work with other DOE programs, as appropriate, to establish Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) to broaden access to and use of the ESnet component of the NREN by other DOE programs. This policy also applies to all usage under any such MOUs. 

  http://www.es.net/hypertext/esnet-aup.html 

  Funding 
  " ESnet is an international computer network managed and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Research (DOE / OER)." 

 

  Technical Details: 
 OC3 backbone, ATM ( IP & AAL5), IPv6 (6BONE) -- 
for more detail see: http://www.es.net/hypertext/esnet-history-page1.html 
  Applications: 
  Super Computing Applications and Collaborations: 
    http://www.es.net/hypertext/esnet-collaborations.html 
  Participants: 
  "ESnet interconnects the energy research community which facilitates scientific collaborations." 
    http://www.es.net/hypertext/brochure/brochurepage6.html 
[top]

Commodity Internet

  Sponsor: 
 Various Commercial Interests 
  Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  • From Cheyenne Mt. Mtg: "the commodity Internet may not evolve rapidly enough to meet higher education's imminent and foreseeable high performance enterprise networking and internetworking capacity and service needs." (http://www.farnet.org/cheyenne/execsum.htm
  • From IDD: " Since the NSFNet backbone was turned over to "commodity" Internet service providers on April 30, 1995, the overall performance of the network has been somewhat shaky. Nevertheless, for the most part, since the installation of the LDM 5 at most relays (starting December 1995), we could count on the majority of our relay sites getting 100% of the data. However, since late February, 1996, the service in some areas has degraded enough that it is beginning to show in the long term IDD statistics as losses of at least some data products at relay sites during the busy afternoon hours. " ( http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/projects/idd/contingency.html)s 
  Acceptable Use Policy: 
 Varies from service provider to service provider. 
  Funding 
   Growing daily 
  Technical Details: 
   Most every sort of technology. 
  Applications: 
 All sorts 
  Participants: 
   The Whole World -- anyone who pays their ways. 
[top]

SEPSCoR 

  Sponsor: 
  Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  Abstract from NSF: 
"...Computational researchers in the states of Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and West Virginia (a.k.a. the 6-PAC) have formed the South East Partnership to Share Computational Resources (SEPSCoR). The supercomputers located in each of these states will be linked by high speed wide-area networks to form a more powerful "virtual supercomputer", which will be focused on the solution of highly intractable computational problems, such as the modeling and molecular dynamics of complex materials. This shared resource will be available to all researchers who are approved by the consortium. The high-speed networks which will make this possible will be managed by a partnership with the Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) and the networking Corporation, Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN)[ref 1] . This award will fund the start-up costs of this networking partnership in its first year, after which, a full maintenance proposal will be submitted to the Division of Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure. The net result of this project will be the demonstration of how computational science can be advanced through the utilization of an advanced networking infrastructure. The initial projects using this interstate facility will be in the area of computational materials research, but in the long term, other numerically-intensive areas will benefit as well. " (Text found with NSF awards search engine.   |  Local copy of the text
ref1: BBN is no longer part of the SEPSCoR program in a management capacity. 
 
  Acceptable Use Policy: 
   The AUP will reflect the AUP of Internet2 
  Funding 
  Funding Funding was provided by NSF through the ESPCOR program. See http://coracle.ncsa.uiuc.edu/sepscor.html for details of each university, SURA and NSF 
  Technical Details: 
  45 mb ATM network that connects 6 universities, classicial IP is the bearer service 
  Applications: 
  See http://coracle.ncsa.uiuc.edu/sepscor.html for details. 
  Participants: 
  • Kentucky -- University of Kentucky 
  • Alabama -- Alabama Supercomputer Authority 
  • Louisiana -- Louisiana State University 
  • Mississippi -- Mississippi State University 
  • South Carolina -- University of South Carolina 
  • West Virginia -- West Virginia University 
[top]

NASA NREN

  Sponsor: 
  The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA
  Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  Acceptable Use Policy: 
 N/A 
  Funding 
   " NREN is funded directly through the HPCCP office and indirectly through collabor ation with application local area network support groups." (http://www.nren.nasa.gov/faq.html
  Technical Details: 
 
  Applications: 
 "NREN is NASA's cornerstone project of the interagency Next Generation Internet (NGI). 
 NREN cooperates with other agencies, industry, and academia to conduct end-to-end 
 demonstration testbeds of new high-performance networking applications for the NASA 
 community. NREN focuses on nationally important applications that cannot be achieved 
 with NASA's current networking infrastructure and works with NASA missions to identify 
 and set up demonstrations that require the high performance network. Selected 
 partnerships meet not only critical NASA needs, but also provide robust, complete tests of 
 technologies that are extensible and adaptable to other applications." 

  Applications page at: http://www.nren.nasa.gov/apps.html

  Participants: 
   " NREN is a multiagency development and deployment project whose purpose is to provide network connectivity at significantly higher speeds and ever-increasing function between advanced computing resources and the scientists and engineers in the Federal HPCC Program." ( http://www.nren.nasa.gov/about2.html
[top]

Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN

  Sponsor: 
  Department of Defense: ( http://www.dtic.mil/defenselink/
  Contacts & Info: 
  History: 
  Acceptable Use Policy: 
 N/A
  Funding 
   N/A
  Technical Details: 
 
  Applications: 
 N/A
  Participants: 
   N/A

© 1996 - 2009 George H. Brett II    |    ghbrett@mindspring.com   |     rev. 20090213